barefoot doctor

from The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, 5th Edition.

• noun A lay health care worker, especially in rural China, trained to perform tasks such as providing first aid, assisting in childbirth, and dispensing drugs.

from Wiktionary, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License.

• noun A farmer or rural resident with basic medical training who worked as a doctor in rural areas of the People's Republic of China from the mid-1960s until the 1980s, generally under a government-sponsored program.